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THE  STRESSED  VOWELS 


^LFRIC'S  HOMILIES, 


VOL.  r. 


THE  STRESSED  VOWELS 


.ELFRIC'S  HOMILIES, 


VOL.  I. 


FRANK     FISCHER, 


.^,    J       ->         - 


,^    .  J    J   ,        J  J       >  ' 


J  J  J  J  ■■ 


,  J  >  J  j' 


Extracted  from  the  Publicalions  of  the  Modern  Language  Asso- 
ciation OF  America,  Vol.  IV,  No.  2,  1889. 


LOS  ANGELES 

1,,;'UARY 


orfhiA 


t  .c     .-. 


cr»    »*c    •  »  e 


•  «  .» 

•  •        • 


T  '-^5 

THE 

STRESSED    VOWELS  OF  AiLFRICS   HOMILIES, 

VOL.    I. 

By    frank    FISCHER,  a. B., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA. 

Our  knowledge  of  the  phonology  of  Old  English,  and  more 
especially  of  Old  English  vowels,  is  as  yet  comparatively  lim- 
ited. Nor  can  this  afford  much  occasion  for  surprise,  when  we 
consider  how  short  a  time  has  elapsed  since  the  initial  steps  were 
taken  in  what  could  justly  be  considered  a  scientific  treatment  of 
the  subject.  The  phonology  of  Old  English  therefore  offers  a 
broad  field  for  investigation,  and  it  has  been  the  purpose  of  the 
author  of  this  monograph  to  cover  some  portion,  however  small, 
of  the  unexplored  territory. 

The  first  volume  of  Thorpe's  edition  of  '^Ifric's  Homilies  ' 
has  furnished  the  material  for  this  investigation,  .^Ifric  being 
chosen  as  typical  of  the  Late  West  Saxon,  and  the  first  volume 
of  his  homilies  as  sufficiently  comprehensive  to  include  the 
greater  portion  of  his  vocabulary.  As  regards  the  form  in 
which  I  have  presented  the  work,  the  only  explanation  that  need 
be  given  is  that  the  words  have  been  alphabetically  classified 
according  to  their  stressed  vowels,  as  these  appear  in  Old 
English.  This  system  seems  preferable  to  any  other  in  that 
it  leaves  no  room  for  ambiguity,  while  at  the  same  time  it 
presents  the  lists  in  a  shape  that  requires  no  subsequent  index- 
ing for  purposes  of  reference. 

Though  I  have  everywhere  sought  to  arrive  at  some  defi- 
nite conclusion  as  to  the  West  Germanic  originals,  I  have,  when- 
ever I  felt  that  there  was  room  for  reasonable  doubt,  preferred 
to  query  my  judgment  rather  than  lay  it  open  to  the  charge  of 
arbitrariness.  The  letters  p  and  d,  both  employed  in  the  text 
without  apparent  discrimination,  I  have  uniformly  merged 
under  d.  Moreover,  in  the  citation  of  words  that  are  subject  to 
inflection,  I  have,  as  a  rule,  entered  the  typical  or  dictionary 
form,  unless  there  was  some  particular  reason  for  presenting  the 
word  exactly  as  it  occured  in  the  text.  To  illustrate  the  latter 
case,  the  plural  ntdgas  is  left  unchanged,  and  is  not  reduced  to 
the  nominative  singular,  for  the  reason  that  the  plural  has  a 
different  stressed  vowel. 

Of  the  authorities  that  have  been  consulted  those  that  have 
proved  of  the  greatest  assistance  are  Sievers'  '  Grammar  of 

161787 


4  FRANK  FISCHER. 

Old  English  '  (second  edition),  translated  and  edited  by  Profes- 
sor Albert  S.  Cook,  and  Cosijn's  'Altwestsachsische  Gram- 
matik.'  Kluge's  '  Etymologisches  Worterbuch  der  deutschen 
Sprache '  and  Grein's  '  Sprachschatz  der  angelsachsischen 
Dichter '  have  also  been  found  exceedingly  useful.  The  stand- 
ard lexicons  and  other  similar  authorities  have  been  employed 
for  occasional  reference,  but  of  these  no  particular  mention  will 
be  expected. 

THE  VOWEL  a. 

1.  WG.  a,  WS.  a: — ac  2.8;  assa  30.13;  a.xe  246.19;  batian  250.18; 
blacc  482.20;  blace  334.  12;  brastlian  68.5;  cnapa  182.12  ;  cwacian  132.27  ; 
-dafenlic  14.17  ;  -dafenian  36.14 ;  dagas  4.7  ;  draca  68.5  ;  -fadian  414.33 ; 
fadung  274.29 ;  fagnian  88.2  ;  faran  6.4 ;  -faren  222.16  ;  -gaderian  20.34 ; 
gegaf  534.2;  gaffetung  306.2;  gladian  36.25;  -grafen  424.10;  habban 
350.1;  hacele  48.1;  hafa  400.27;  -hafen  380.31 ;  hafen-  128.23;  hagol 
52.18;  -hagian  180.12;  hatian  52.34;  hatung  84.12;  -hradian  82.30 ; 
hrarTe  16.9;  lator  102.30;  -laS'ung  34.6;  (ge)maca  14.19;  (ge)macian 
6.11 ;  mage  276.7;  magon  272.29;  ma^'a  86.10;  nacod  18.11;  pa3'as 
360.32;  (^rendraca  26.5;  racent^ag  434.8 ;  racu  46.14;  -sacan  144.24; 
sacu  180. 1 ; -sadelian  210.30;  sagol  424.32  ;  -slacian  614.13  ;  slaga  46.25; 
-slagen  400.29 ;  sparian  180.8  ;  stafas  92.12  ;  stapas  504.9  ;  starian  296.3  ; 
swalewe  404.25  ;  talian  114. 18;  -(Tafian  4.30 ;  wacol  36.14  ;  wacian  36.6  ; 
-war  16.22;  ware  240.28;  wlaciim  86.23;  wracu  86. 3. 

2.  WG.  a  BEFORE  NASALS,  WS.  o  (cf.  <f ,  7) :— anccl^ow  466.25; 
-ancsumian  342.11 ;  and  2.1  ;  anda  16.30  ;  -andettan  426.4;  andswaru  ; 
angel  216.32 ;  angsum-  86.8  ;  arn  (?)  478.33  ;  -band  466.33  ;  -bann  34.4  ; 
barn  (?)  86.4;  camp- 418.9;  campian ',360.16;  cann  330. S  ;  -crammiaii 
430.4  ;dranc  352.6  ;  fandian  4.  10 ;  -fangen  284.23  ;  fram  2.3  ;  gang  90.19  ; 
gangon  256.13;  -gann2.i6;  grama  4. 19;  (fi^er)hama  380.29;  (lic)hama 
16.17;  -hamian  40.24;  hancr^d  74.21;  hand  10. i ;  hangian  382.10; 
-hangen  504.31 ;  hwanon  400.23  ;  lama  26.11  ;  lamb  140.1 ;  -lamp  402.6; 
land  30.3;  (ge)lang  252.4 ;  lange  178.6;  -langian  86.30 ;  langsum  4.19; 
mancgere  254.25;  maneg  2.9;  mangian  412.6;  mangung  524.12; 
manian6.25;  mann  2.12;  manna  12.35;  (ge)man5'  28S.28;  nam  (?) 
290.7;  nama  4.2;  -namian  14.16;  samnian  78.10;  samod  6.13;  sand 
572.8 ;  sang  38.7  ;  gesang  74.22  ;  sangere  21S.9  ;  -scamel  314-32 ".  -spanen 
18.8;  sprang  304.29;  standan6.3;  strand  64.3 ;  Strang  10.16;  3'an  (but 
cf.  SiEVERS-CooK,  §  65,  N.  2)  438.20;  ?anc  12.17;  3rancian  36.19; 
^anon  418.28;  wamb  66.1;  wana  272.13;  wand  414.18;  wang  12.32; 
wanian  32.23;  -wann  196.4;  wannsp^dig  140.6;  wanung  94-33- 

3.  WG.  a,  WS.  ea  through  ?^-umlaut: — atelic  16.21 ;  ba3^u  86.21  ; 
carfull  60.19;  carian  242.10;  cwalu  54.3;  daru  102.8;  faru  80.3;  fatu 
58.11;  gafol  32.14;  gatu  364.22;  gatum  334.29;  stalu  220.9;  -sta^Tel- 
12.8;  swa^Tu  68.14;  -warn  78.9;  warn  (wares)  246.2. 

4.  WG.  a,  WS.  ea  through  breaking  : — ardlice  (?)  78.19;  galdor 
474.21;  psalm- 322.34;  waruian6.28. 

5.  The  RESULT  of  the  contraction  of  e-\-a\ — nabba?  398.15. 


STRESSED   VOWELS  OF  CLERICS  HOMILIES.      5 

6.  Shortened  from  WS.  <?,  WG.  ai,  with  gemination  o:<'  the 
FOLLOWING  consonant: — attor  72.12. 

7.  Foreign: — abbud  336.7;  ancer-  544.26;  ancran  564.7;  aposto! 
60.11;  arc  20.31;  Arabisc  478.24;  aspide  486.35;  Clialdeisc  570.10; 
-cradol  82.29  ;  fant  422.17;  Franc- 560.7  ;  Francan  560.4  ;  manna  76.16; 
marman- 506.11 ;  marmstdn  560.32  ;  martyr  44.23  ;  palm- 90.2  ;  papol- 
64.3;  plantian  132.7;  traht  104.4. 

THE  VOWEL  d. 

1.  WG.  ai,  WS.  a:— 328.19;  aa  294.9;  adl86.3;  adlian  86.22;  adlig 
4.21;  agen  10.19;  a{hvvar)  54.25;  an  8.19;  ar  60.28;  arl^asnys  6.25; 
arian  6.5  ;  ar5'  480.32  ;  a3"um  478.26;  axian  14.22;  -bad  226.12;  ban 
14.23;  bat  458.14;  blacian  314.12;  blacung  72.27;  blawan  312.12; 
-blawen-  86.13;  brad  132.24;  cafer-  422.26;  caflice  (?)  464.18;  das' 
30.12;  cnawan  18.4;  -cnawen  358.1;  todal  4835 '.  draf  374.9 ;  -draf 
502.10;  -dwan  452.15;  facn  62.31;  fag-  122.22;  fagettan  (?)  60S. 33 ; 
flat  290.3;  gal  360.2  ;  gan(?)  14.19;  garsecg  454-12;  gast  10.9;  glad 
78.23  ;  granung  68.7  ;  grapian  220.17  ;  had  2.2  ;  hadian  44.8  ;  hal  4.22  ; 
halsianS.io;  ham  80.11  ;  bar- 376.13;  hat  58. 27  ;  behat  74-20;  hatan 
14.8;  -haten  346.15;  hawian  332.15;  hlaf  34.15  ;  hlaford  8.23;  -hnah 
420.17  ;  hwam  362.25  ;  la  (Cosijn,  §  86)  220.5  ;  ^ala  (CosijN,  §  86)  40.6  ; 
lac  22.33;  ladimg  270.1;  laf  12.5  ;  belaf  344.14;  lam  12.29;  lar  2.8; 
latt^ow  34.12;  la^lic  10.31;  ma  88.28;  -maglice  158.13;  (ge)mana 
24.25;  man-  4.13;  -mansumian  124.29;  mansumung  370.10;  mara 
10.3;  ma^m  318.14;  (ge)rad  208.19;  rap  208.4;  rarian  (?)  66.18;  -ras 
314.28;  sape  472.6 ;  sar  42.10;  -sargian  158. 8;  sarig  566.10;  sarlice 
428.12;  sawan  388.22;  -sawen  438.1;  sawol  6.29;  -sna^^  98.10;  snaw 
222.31;  spatl  474.9;  -spaw  246.14;  stah  244.28;  stan  22.29;  -swac 
244.20;  swatig  426.31;  ta  (=lot)  ^246. 5  ;  tacon  4.3;  tan  246.3;  twam 
346.16;  S'a  2.11  ;  ^am  2.11  ;  r^rafian  296.24;  ^rafung  294.15;  -^Trawen 
502.17;  wa  102.10;  wac2.i;  wanung  466.33  ;  wast  488.26;  wat26S.i6; 
(ge)wat  316.29;  -wlatung  348.7  ;  -wrat  308.33  ;  -wra3"  462.13. 

2.  WG.  d,  USUAL  WS.  ^:— clawa  424.19;  -hwar  74.32;  -lacnian 
124.14;  lagon  456.2;  maga  74.10;  magas  332.31  ;  mage  202.9  ;  namon 
(WS.  ndtnoti)  316.23;  -sawon  296.3;  slapon  490.1;  tal  338.19;  tallic 
44.27  ;  talu  306.2. 

3.  WG.  6  : — twa  26.5  ;  S'as  (fern.  ace.  sing.)  2.6 ;  3"as  (nom.  pi.)  344-22. 

4.  The  CONTRACTION  OF  d  (WG.  ai)  +  vowel: — aht  268.12;  -fa 
226.28;  fla  502.17;  flan  62.28;  na?or  18.7. 

5.  The  CONTRACTION  OF  ^  +  a  : — na  4.18;  naht  268.13;  nan  8.9; 
nast  378.7  ;  nat  378.5. 

6.  Lengthened  from  a,  with  ecthlipsis  a)  of  dd: — wag  106.14, 
wah  2S8.4  (Goth,  waddjus).      b)  of  g: — fran  298.10.     c)  of  2  :— gad 

386.9. 

7.  The  result  of  secondary  lengthening  of  WS.  a,  WG.  a  : — 
anda  26.21 ;  anweald  342.28  ;  andian  346.32  ;  -arn  332.28  ;  -band  352.31  ; 
-bann3o.i;  -camp  64.19;  dranc  168.12;  fandian  16S.5  ;  -fandode  544.6  ; 
fandung  532.30;  -fangen  492.31;  faran  268.14;  gang  26.11;  -gangan 
14.7;  -gann  258.9;  -hafen  512.34;  hand  516.7;  handa  496.10;  hnappode 

♦Confused  with  td=  toe. 


6  FRANK  FISCHER. 

86.18;  -hradian  61S.25  ;  h\va48.23;  gehwa  166.27  ;  hwan  182.13  ;  lamb 
312.17;  -lamp  244.15;  land  78.34  ;  lang374. 11;  -langian  450.31  ;  mania(5' 
600.27;  manigende  600.31 ;  sand  194.17;  -sang  28.9;  -sprang  384.26; 
-stang  452.31 ;  Strang  240.8  ;  -stranga^  188.9;  swa  4.32;  swang  392.1  ; 
-3^anc  262.30;  wamb  604.28;  wand  336.17;  -wand  342.5  ;  wannsp^dig 
66.11. 

8.  Foreign: — casere  30.1 ;  papa  220.27  ;  sacerd  120.17;  sam- (WS. 
s6in-)  506.2. 

THE  VOWEL  ^. 

1.  WG.  a,  WS.^: — aecer  184.31 ;  aefter-2.3;  aelmes- 54.12  ;  selmesse 
162.30;  aeppel  88.9 ;  aet  6.10;  -set  18.9;  bcec  212.5;  b^ed  330.28;  baer 
320.16;  -baerst  374. 10  ;  bae3^  58.27  ;  -brsec  376.30;  caeppa  336.12  ;  crgeft 
4.25;  crset  308.11;  cwseS'  258.15;  daeg  2.3  ;  faec  68.20;  faeger-  10.16; 
fsegnian  60.9  ;  faegnung  352.29  ;  -faer  28.13  '.  fest  114.1 ;  -fast  96.25  ;  fae^m 
20.32  ; -frcctwian  210.32;  gaers  450.4;  glaed  72.27;  glaes  510. i ;  graeft 
464.27;  -haefd  406.6;  hagfde  10.23;  (forjhaefednys  118.31 ;  haeftling 
108.21;  haeteru  330.14 ;  hraedlice  20.21;  hraegl  472.6;  hw^ne  (but  cf. 
SiEVERS-CooK,  §  65,  N.  2)  434.28  ;  hwres  474.3  ;  hwaet  284.6  ;  -hwae^^ere 
16.18;  laeg  246.2;  ma;g4.7;  maegen-  128.15;  maeg^24.6;  naeced- 392.8 ; 
-naeglian  82.25  ;  -Scepig  102.24;  saet  290.20  ;  scraef  406.14  ;  spraec  294.16  ; 
swaec  138.27;  ta^gl  252.5;  -taer  374.8;  taettece  256.9;  /7aes  324.14; 
un^ieslic  482.9;  S'aet  2.11  ;  -3'rsec  68.6;  waefer-  60.25;  wasl-  6.16; 
-waerscipe  68.4 ;  waes  284.25;  waestni  14.10;  wseter  16.6;  -wraec  526.3; 
wraec(si(?)  58.29.* 

2.  WG.  a,  WS.  ^(through  umlaut): — ael- 250.20;  ae^ele  (Sievers- 
CooK,  §  50,  N.  2)  52.13;  bsecst  488.25 ;  -laeman  (Sievers-Cook,  §  50, 
N.  2)  6.12  ;  -daeftan  212.34;  -dwaescan  (CosijN,  j5  12)  46.20  ;  faeder  (dat.) 
10.10;  faereld  (Cosijn,  §  12)  40.5;  fer?  268.25;  fasstan  (Cosijn,  §  12) 
180.10;  faesten  70.8;  faetels  (d  ?)  212.  i ;  -gjedere  (Sievers-Cook,  §  50, 
N.  2)  22.3;  haebbe  388.15 ;  haebbende  550.6;  hsebbenne  550.4 ;  hasfen 
580.22;  haefst  426.11;  haef^r  396.2;  haerfest  (Sievers-Cook,  §  50,  N.  2) 
98.23;  maege  (?  Cosijn,  §  12)  272.10;  msenig  342.9;  -maest  522.7; 
-plsettan  474.13;  -raefniende  30.35;  -saeccT  236.2;  -scae^TSrig  88.13; 
-staepe84.7;  staeppan  118.32;  waecce  178.33. 

3.  The  representative  of  WS.  e,  WG.  e: — swaeflen  466.26. 

4.  The  contraction  of  e-\-(s: — baeftan ;  naebbe  582.15;  naefde 
394.16 ;   naef^r  398.29  ;  naes  320.15. 

5.  Shortened  from  WS.  d,  with  gemination  of  the  follow- 
ing consonant: — aeddre  (WG.  d)  562.6;  -aettred  (WG.  ai)  492.29; 
aettren  (WG.  ai)  252.5;  aettres  (WG.  ai)  474.16;  naeddre  (WG.  a) 
16.32. 

6.  Foreign: — msesse-  2.1;  -maessian  430.29;  paell  508.16;  paellen 
64.13;   saeter-  (Cf.  Sievers-Cook,  §  50,  N.  2)  216.27. 

THE  VOWEL  ct. 
I.  The  z-umlaut  of  WS.  a,  WG.  ai: — ae  24.16;  aefre8.2o;  aeghw^^r 
116.13;   aeg^er  18.4;   asht  54.2;-aelan   118.8;   aelc4.29;    aelic   188.20; 

•Between  this  a  and  a  following  g,  an  inorganic  i  is  sometimes  developed  :  daigh- 
'wamlice  i^t.T  \  laeig  ^$2.3;  f«<?/f  412.35;  mceig^  Zi.^;  m<zgi^hadz.i,Z.T. 


STRESSED   VOWELS  OF  CLERICS  HOMILIES.      7 

sene  232.10;  senig  10.35  ;  ser4.11;  ceren  376.3  ;  aew  42.1 ;  baenen  532.6  ; 
bUec-  456.16;  blaed  322.13;  -braedan  508.34;  caeg  364-23;  -clceman 
20.33;  claine  58.19;  -clrensian  6.1 ; -cnsewst  140.29;  dcel  10.25 ;  daelan 
62.3;  -drffifani2.3;  fa;h(5r  226.23;  femne  14-24;  fetnys  522.33;  faett 
614.19;  flffisc  14.24;  -gjegan  604.20;  gselsa  544-28;  gas^r  66.12;  liajl 
410.17;  ha^lan  4.20;  harmed  (CosijN,  §  88)  148.22;  haes  26.10;  haet 
266.34;  hsetan  86.4;  ha;tu  282.11;  haj^en  46-19;  ha;3rung  286.3; 
hlajnnys  (?  Cosijn,  §  88;  but  cf.  OLG.  l^hni  Stratmann  s.  v.  Id-tte) 
522.  31;  -hvvaede  (?)  84.21 ;  hvva^te  526.28;  -laeccan  162.4  (lashte  28.7); 
(6)  laecung  488.9 ;  laedan  560.26;  laefan  478.12;  laemen  554-33;  -laenan 
274.2;  Iseran  6.21; -laes  8.1 1 ;  laesew  (?)  242.15  ;  laessa  140.6 ; -hest  506. 
12;  -laestan  264.2;  Iseswian  (?)  242.18;  laewed  94-34;  maenan  186.5; 
(ge)maene  64.32  ;  niaest  250.27  ;  -pscan  (?)  4.4;  -pa;ran  216.9;  -raecan 
88.9;  -raeran  16.18;  sae  14.28;  -saegednys  358.18;  -saew^  492-14; 
-scaet  128.2; -spnedan  536.18;  stenan  46.35  ;  staenen  364.21  ;  swaetan 
414.12;  taecan  6.21;  -twseman  38-35;  ^sera  (gen.  pi.)  342.31;  ^aere 
(gen.  sing,  fetn.)  342.35  ;  S^aire  (dat.  sing,  fern.)  346.25  ;  -waecan  408.21 ; 
-waefan  34.28  ;   wasfels  62.29;   -waegan  112.6;   -waehte  488.35.* 

2.  Germ  e,  WG.  d,  WS.  d :— asfen  100.6;  tefnung  452.4;  aemtig  204.11  ; 
aerend-26.5;  aes216.11;  aet  66.9;  aea^m  616.24;  baedon  434.26;  baer 
372.6;  -brascon  450.14;  braeS^  222.4;  cwaedon  322.18;  -cwaele  58.30; 
-dwaes  100.30;  faerlic  30.22;  graedelice  66.10;  graedig  572.18  ;  haer  236.22  ; 
haere  246.19;  -hwaer  2.5;  laetan  20.18;  maeg  318.7;  maeglic  58.4; 
rasd  10.27;  geraede  210.15;  -raednys  368.13;  sael  62.24;  -saete  484.15; 
saeton  412.2;  slaep  (but  cf.  Cosijn,  p.  82, 1.  3)60.19;  sprccc  2.7  ;  spraicon 
314.18;  -staele  220.8  ;  swaer(?)  54.33  ;  (ge)swa5S  70.34 ;  swaesnys  492.29; 
-t£eron  524.29;  -trasdon  544.28;  S^aer  12.5;  waedla  62.21;  wcedlian 
62.28:   waeron  286.6;   waet  64.9.! 

3.  Lat.  a,  WG.  d,  WS.  ^:— straet  60.21. 

4.  The  i-  umlaut  of  WS.  d,  WG.  <i:— braedan  430.16;  daed  4.13  ; 
-draedan  56.23;  -faeran  106.30 ;  laece6o.34;  -laewan  26.25  ;  m£eg^24.i6; 
-mtfnan  560.  24,  maere  12.19  ;  ormaete  6.2  ;  mae9^  140-30  ;  raesan  376.34 ; 
saed  98.2  ; -saelig  422.3  ;  -ssel^2o.2;  -staelan  612.24  ;  taelan  48.23;  -taele 
ii2.i9(ael)taewe  250.20;  -3^wa}r(l<z"can)  70.34 ;  -ge^rwaernys  38.14 ;  waed 
428.5;    (ge)wsede  398.31 ;   waepmann  148.14  ;   -waepnian  72.23. t 

5.  The  z-umlaut  of  WS.  d,  WG.  d  before  a  nasal  : naeman 

216.17. 

6.  The  representative  of  WS.  e,  z-umlaut  of  WG.  (5:— fraecednys 
240.34;   -swseled  86.5. 

7.  Thez-umlautof  WG.  a  before  *ddj,  (cf.   Kluge,  s.  v.  Ei): — 

^g  300.5.** 

8.  The  contraction  of  ^-f-^:— naefre  4.1;  naere  432.3;  naeron 
404.22. 

9.  Lengthened  from  WS.  cz,  WG.  a,  with  ecthlipsis  of  g:— 
-braed  122.31 ;   maeden  24.30;   -saed  30.33;  saedon  30.35. 


*An  inorganic  :  is  sometimes  developed  between  this  le  and  the  following  consonant : 
caig  368.35;  scEtfJ  93.2. 

fAn  inorganic  i  is  sometimes  developed  between  this  ^  and  the  following  consonant : 
maiglic  404.1. 

I  An  inorganic  i  appears  in  miei^  368.9.        **An  inorganic  1  is  found  in  (Eigi$o.\\. 


8  FRANK  FISCHER. 

lo.  Due  to  secondary  lengthening  of  WS.  (Z'.WG.  a  : — bsernan 
372.29;  -braec  186.27; -daeg  56.30;  daeg-  480.32;  -faerran  102.24;  fet 
510. 1 ;  gaers  182.15;  haefen  582.29;  hwael  246.12;  -maestan  522.26; 
saet  182.2. 

THE  VOWEL  e. 

1.  WG.  e,  VVS.  e:—he  8.11;  (ge)bed  44.17;  -belh  96.6;  bera  24.4; 
beran  10.22;  -brecan  14.13;  -cweden  244.16;  cwelan  72.15;  cwest 
378.9;  cwe3'an  72.15;  (ge)delf  562.14;  -gedelf  560.32;  delfan  74.24; 
-etan  14.2  ;  -efenlaecan  44.1 ;  efne  30,18  ;  emn  30.16 ;  euen  32.6  ;  fela  4.3  ; 
feld  6.12;  fell  18.19;  -freten  616.24;  helm  162.14;  helpan  180. 11 ; 
-hvvega  348.32  ;  leger- 472.25  ;  medemlan  32.7;  melda  46.24;  (hu)meta 
388.2;  -meten  614.28;  Metod  598.35;  ne  2. 11;  nest  160.34;  plega 
66.12;  plegian  4S0.30 ;  seld-  106.27;  setl  48.29;  (ge)sevvenlice  4.16; 
smedma  188.7;  bismer  226.28;  (god)spellic  2.12;  -spendan  254.21; 
spare  146.12;  -spreca  90.17;  sprecan  66.15;  stemn  6.32;  -swefian  14.20 
swefn  78.32;  -swelgan  534.16;  -swelle  22.22;  svveltan  14.13;  teld- 
392.21;  -tredan  188.25;  3regen2.5;  2^63310.23;  -weder  526.31 ;  -wefcn 
352.5;  weg  46.10;  -wegan  8.25;  wel  4.33;  weleras  568.33;  -welgian 
550.12;  welig  64.15;  wer  14.25;  wered  508.34;  werod  10.21;  wesan 
50.6;  west  130.14;  wrecan  114.4;  -wrecen  332.34.* 

2.  The  i-  umlaut  of  WS.  a  or  g,  WG.  a  : — (ge)b^da  92.21  ;  b^d- 
126.6;  bgnd  212.31  ;  bgndan  502.15  ;  b^ren  182.12  ;  b^rn  526.28;  b^^tera 
10.32;  b^trung  350.19;  bgtsta  142.16;  b^^rian  86.23;  bl^ndan  132.12; 
-canned  10.8  ;  c^mpa  56.30 ;  -cwgccan  88.10 ;  cwdlan  22.9  ;  d^ne  360.33  ; 
dman  16.25;  -drgcced-4.1 ;  dr^hton  86.18;  drgnc  72.11;  drgncan  22.6  ; 
dwdian  52.15  ;  ece  418.22  ;  ^cg  420.18  ;  -£Cged  92.34 ;  eft  8.2  ;  ^ge  22.17 ; 
ggeslice  86.7;  eg\e  390.15;  dcian  248.27;  glles  76.19;  £nde  2.19, 
^ndemes  70.26 ;  -gndian  16.17  ;  £"gel  10.3  ;  Englisc  2.7  ;  ^nt  22.31 ;  ^rce- 
416.29;  grian  464.25;  andgttan  30.9 ;  fgccan  64.3;  -%ng  100.3:  %rcian 
488.33;  fgrian  66.14;  -fgtian  248.24;  -frgmedlice  10.2;  frgmming  8.7; 
(big)g£ng  72.4;  ggnga  2.19;  -gk'ddian  100.21;  -glgngan  26.19;  grgmian 
20.24;  -hgbban6.32;  hgfe  102.33;  upahgfednes  12.22  ;  hgfig-56.4;  hgll 
4.14;  (ge)hgnde  88.23;  hgngen  26.34;  here  78,15;  hgrgung  228.17; 
hgrian  30.23;  hgte- 88.10;  hn£sce  602.12;  hrgddan  192.22;  hrgmman 
592.7;  hrgppan  458.17;  hrgpian  14.1  ;  hwtrnme  130.21 ;  hwgttan  26.31  ; 
-Igcgan  58.2S;  kncten-  98.21;  knden  114. 16;  Igng  374.3;  -Igngan 
100.21;  Igttan  3S2.18;  mgngan  40.28;  me'nig  12.18;  mgnigu  30.23; 
mgnn  2.17  ;  mgnnisc-  26.3  ;  mgregrot  (?)  596.8  ;  mgte  76.17  ;  formgtte  (?) 
254.30;  ngb  262.10;  ngbbian  256.10;  ngmnan  26.6;  -ngmnian  96.30; 
-ngrian  218.12;  ngt  394.7;  P£ning  182.9;  rgccan  28.24  (rghte  342.16). 
rgst  618.32;  rgstan  104.22;  scgncan  336.3;  -scgndan  388.3;  -scr^ncan 
198.22;  sgcgan  14.9;  sggen  152.31;  sgncan  28.14;  -sgncian  256.20; 
S£ndan22.2;;  (ge)sgtnys  2.16;  sgttan  12.31 ;  slgge  26.32  ;  -slggen  488.15  ; 
smgrcian  430.33;  sprgngan  466.26;  stgde  14.11;  stgnc  68.7;  stgncan 
36.15;  stgng  428.6  ;  stgnt  218.1  ;  -staitest  6.24;  strgc  360.1 ;  str^can-358. 
26;str£ccan  252.7  ;  strgncS^u  44.21 ;  strfngra  250.18;  strgngS^  538.20; 
-swgncan  86.13;   svvman  426.6;   getd  (?)  32.26  ;  tdlan  100.13  ;  -tgmian 


♦Between  this  e  and  a  foUowiog  ^  an  inorganic  i  is  found  in  wezg- 108.32. 


STRESSED   VOWELS  OF  CLERICS  HOMILIES.      9 

208.20;  -tnidan  240.25;  tgngan  72.18;  trgndel  282.9 ;  tvv^l<"26.4; 
(5"^cen  126.30  ;  Sr^ncan  12.28  ;  -^t-nnan  372.19  ;  -w^bb  62.26  ;  wgcg  60.29  ; 
w^'dd  22.13  ;  -w^mman  212.3  ;  w^ndan  2.14  ;  (hfir)w£nge  376.13  ;  wgrian 
568.11;   wrgccan  60.19;   (lot)vvrf nee  192.9.* 

3.  The  representative  of  WS.  xV,  the  i-umlaut  of  ea:— 
cw^lm- 72.11  ;   fltsta24.7;   g^rela  296.4;   ggst-30.14;   -wglm  382.13. 

4.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  the  j-umlaut  of  eo  :— 
ymesene  (Cf.  'Phil.  See.  Eng.  Diet.',  s.  v.  bisson)  418.22. 

5.  WS.  e,  z-uMLAUT  OF  WG.  o.-— dghter  436.20;  ^fstan  ;  162.18 
fie  (from  Lat.  o)  58.25;   mgrigen  100.6. 

6.  The  REPRESENTATIVE  OF   WS.    eO,    THE    O-UMLAUT  OF    WG.  i\  — 

tela  56.9. 

7.  The  REPRESENTATIVE  OF  WS.  ea,  the  w-umlaut  of  WG.  a  : — 
merwan  602.13. 

8.  The  palatal  umlaut  of  WS.  ea,  the  breaking  of  WS.  a, 
WG.  a  :— ehta  90.12  ;  -ehtatig  134.18  ;  exlum  340.  2;  fex  236.31  ;  -fexede 
456.16;   geseh  216.13;   sex  98.10;    -wexen  506.23  ;   wext  490.6. 

9.  The  representative  of  WS.  y,  the  z-umlaut  of  WG.  « :— 
embe  36.10;   -ren  102.27. 

10.  The  representative  of  WS.  ea,  the  breaking  of  WG.  a 
IN  unstressed  syllables  : — andwerd  82.34  ;   toward  498.27. 

11.  The  representative  of  WS.  <?,  WG.  a  : hwe^ere  10.4. 

12.  The  contraction  of  e  -\-  i : — nele  408.21 ;  Hellas'  266.26  ;  nelle 
532.7;   nelt  428.25. 

13.  The  result  of  contraction  in  the  preterits  of  certain 

REDUPLICATING  verbs: feng  286.5  ;   -fengon  316.2  ;    -hencg  524.35 ; 

-hengon  168.9. 

14.  Goth,  a: — ge  18.4;  se  2.19.  ^ 

15.  Shortened  from  WS.  e,  z-umlaut  of  WG.  d :— gebletsian  92.6 ; 
bletsung  44.17;   d^gred  508.32. 

16.  Foreign: — cherubim  10.14;  Ebreisc  24.11;  Egyptisc  318.29; 
Leden2.i3;  Perscisc  518.17 ;  regol  372.31;  seraphim  10.14;  tempel 
70.30;   tempi  168.36;   getemprian  360.12. 

THE  VOWEL  e. 

1.  Germ,  e,  OHG.  ea,  ia: — her  170.36;  het  376.10;  let  276.5;  leton 
392.4;   med56.5;    slep  246.3. 

2,  WS.  ^, /-UMLAUT  ofWG.  ^: — bee  68.11;  begen  74-6;  ben  2.5; 
-beta  342.12;  betan  68.17;  bredan  250.24;  -bregan  578*27;  brembel 
18.17;  breaker  54.20;  celing  430.13;  cene  232.29;  cweman  20.31; 
cwen  200.13;  {ge)defe  550.20;  dema  48.29;  deS^  160.10;  -drefan66.4; 
e?el  78.31;  fedan  24.17;  -fegan  62.7;  felnys  302.15;  (ge)fera  10.34; 
feran  22.25;  ^^t  212.19;  flew?  448.2;  (up)flering  296.9;  frecednys 
2.18;  -fredan  88.8;  freferian  28.5;  gled  430.4;  grene  64.1;  gretan 
24.24;  hedan  330.31;  hrefan  20.32;  hwene  358.24;  alefed  236.29 
meder  308.29;  metan  30.21;  meting  186.6  ;  (ofer)mettu  12.5  ;  recel^as 
320.18;  recels  78.28;  reSe  78.30;  rewut  162.10;  seean  42.27 ;  -sme3'ian 
360.34;    sme3"nys   26.11;    sped   56.15;    steda   210.14;    sweg  312.12; 


♦An  inorganic  i  is  developed  between  this  e  and  a  following  g  in  seig^  200.33. 


lO  FRANK  FISCHER. 

swegan  104.22  ;  swete  442.2;  twegen  306.35  ;  tvventig  298.18  ;  wedan 
50.18;  -weman260.il;  wen  92.30;  wena  358.1;  wepan  68.1;  werig- 
490.7;   westen  46.17;   wregan  80.6. 

3.  WS.  e,  Z-UMLAUT   OF    6,  WHOSE    LENGTH  IS  DUE  TO  THE   LOSS  OF 

A  FOLLOWING  NASAL: — ehtan  324.2;  ehtnys  4.34;  estful  34.7;  feh^ 
204.15  ;  fe3"e  (Cosijn,  §  i6)  336.9;  gerefa  (Cosijn,  §  16)  72.18  ;  -seSfan 
336.27;   sea'ung  558.16;   te^  46.27. 

4.  The  REPRESENTATIVE  OF  WS.  /<?,  THE  /-UMLAUT  OF  itt  : — cepan 
56.3;  -dreme  38.7  ;  hreman  60.30;  aleua^  4.22  ;  -nedan  18.28  ;  steman 
444.11. 

5.  The  palatal  umlaut  of  VVS.  ^a : — eh-  584.28;  he.xta  198.14; 
neh-340.  8;    nexta  24.21. 

6.  The  representative  of  WS.  <^: — breS^e  442.2;  -cred  74.21; 
-dredan  30.18  ;    emtig  440.16 ;    hete  338.19  ;   sel  250.36. 

7.  The  representative  of  a  WS  ea,  which  arises  from  the 
influence  of  a  preceding  palatal  upon  WG.  d: — seep  36.15. 

8.  The  representative  of  WS.  ea,  WG.  an: — ela  136.28. 

9.  The  z-umlaut  of  WG.  a : — ece  (Goth,  ajuk-,  Cosijn,  §  12)  4.12. 

10.  The  contraction  of  ^  +  e: — ten  (Sievers-Cook,  §  113)  348.3. 

11.  Lengthened  from  WS.  e,  with  ecthlipsis  of  the  follow- 
ing ^: bredan    360.14;    -led    30.22;    -lede   30.13;   ren  22.2;   S'en 

308.20;   3'enian  270.30 ;   S'enig- 58.10;   3^enung  58.20. 

12.  The  RESULT  OF  secondary  lengthening  of  WS.  e: bed 

262.23;  bend  606.16;  onet  592.17;  -ferod  496.23;  ge  18.3;  he  4.26; 
hefe  286.12;  hefig- 524.17;  -hendor  106.20;  hengen  542.28;  -hengon 
462.11;  herian44.2;  -herod  356.5;  herung  212.31;  herunga  584.14; 
leng  534.18;  me  2.6;  -stent  288.21 ;  ^e  12.35;  we  8.6  ;  aweg  414.25; 
wel  104.23;   -wend  128.8. 

13.  Foreign  :—creda  48.28;  fefor  128.13;  Grecisc  50.11;  Medas 
454.12. 

THE  VOWEL  /. 

I.  WG.  i,  WS.  i\ — biddan  8.9;  bifian  228.13  ;  bigspell  212.6;  bile- 
2.10;  bindan  212.14;  bist  576.7;  bita  182.10;  biternys  306.5 ;  gebitt 
126.20;  bi^  266.4;  blind  18.5;  -blinnan  68.7;  brice  62.9;  brid 
140.15;  -bringan  8.13;  cild  20.17;  clifian  380.25;  cliS^e  476.1; 
dimlic  604.1;  disc-  572.9;  -drifen  220.17;  drincan  72.14;  -dwinon 
378.1;  findan  194.14;  finger  358.8;  fisc  16.8  (fixas,  82.13) ;  fi^^er- 380.29  , 
flint  92.34;  -flitt  180.1;  frigne  18.29;  gif  4.8;  angin  8.19;  -ginnan 
98.26 ;  glida  (?)  586.6  ;  grindan  488.25  ;  -gripen  470.5 ;  -gripon  414.11  ; 
him  2.5;  hindan  506.1  ;  hinder  172.35  ;  hine  332.31  ;  his  2.5  ;  hit  4.4  ; 
-bring  474.8;  hriS'ian  86.7;  hwider  434.7;  h wile  (?)  288.15  ;  ic  2.1; 
ine  316.33;  inn  20.33;  -innian  12.24;  inno^  20.18;  is  2.4;  -liceian 
330.22;  licgan  42.26;  lifigan76.4;  (be)lifon  108.11 ;  (for)ligere  20.23  ; 
lim  84.18;  -limpan  104.2;  mieel  2.10;  mid  6.4;  middan  4.1;  mild 
36.20;  milts  566.14;  miltsian  18.35;  miltsung  68.12;  mislie  20.23; 
nigon  10.14;  genip  504.30;  niS^er  56.32  ;  pricu  102.29;  rib  14.21  ; -rifod 
614.14;  rinde  236.18;  gerip  184.31;  gerisan  (Cosijn,  p.  52)  418.8; 
-rison  74.3;  riare  444.10;  scip  244.28;  scrift  164.27;  seripp  394.7; 
sibb  30.26;    side-   596.31;   sige   50.4;    -sigen   456-20;    -sigon   414.10; 


STRESSED   VOIVELS  OF  CLERICS  HOMILIES.      1 1 

sigor  594.20 ;  sinile  56.19;  sincl  2.5;  singallice  86.11;  singan  30.24; 
.siiLscype  148.7;  sittan  10.25;  -sliclen  492.11;  -smiten  558.30;  smi3" 
64.6;  -sniden  90.13;  -snidon  92.26;  -.spring  1S.26;  -sticce  362.28; 
stician  216.12;  sticis  474.12;  sticol  162,23;  -stigen  596.10;  -stigon 
296.9;  stihtan  112.30;  stillan  26.9;  stille  156. 11;  -suicen  24.24; 
swician  316.27  ;  -swicon  304.30;  -swine  8.24  ;  -swindan  266.3  >  svvingan 
424.12;  swingle  472.12;  swipe  406.7;  tidder  256.2;  tilian  18.15; 
tilling  474.21;  -timber  2.15;  -timbrung  22.25;  intinga  84.2;  tintreg 
94.6;  twig  90.3;  ^icgean  168.31;  5ider  504.6;  ^igen  118.25;  ^i'lg 
8.9;  ^is  102.25  ;  ^isre  348.22;  ^isra  384.4  ;  ^issere4.ii;  r^ridda  28.4  ; 
^riwa  66.24;  widewe  148.10;  wilde  208.22;  vvilige  182.22  ;  willan  6.27  ; 
willaio.i;  wind  26.10;  windan  66.24;  winnan  164.21;  winter  24.18; 
gewiss  96.3  ;  gewissian  52.15  ;  edwist  56.16;  wiste402.11;  -wita44.26; 
wite6.i9;  -gewiten  604.8  ;  witon  286.15;  -witt  26.14;  wifir  6.35  ;  wi^er- 
12.22;  wi(^r5^a  594.30;  wlite  46.5;  wlitig  10.16;  -wrigen-  60.1;  -writ 
2.12;  -writen  282.17;  -writon  598.22;  wri^fa  568.33;  -wrigen  456.9; 
-wriS^ian  446.1  ;   -wriS^on  596.22. 

2.  The  REPRESENTATIVE   OF  WS.   y,    THE    /-UMLAUT    OF    WG.  U: — 

bicgan  182.6;  -dhW'igun  516.20;  -cnittan  476.5;  Drihten2.i9;  filian 
10.20;  fliht572.9;  frim3' 172.24;  hig-482.10;  hiht  24.2  ;  hingrian  166.1  ; 
hricg  286.24;  Jifs  550.28;  -mindig  354.30;  -nihtsumian  124.15;  sin- 
derlice  96.21  ;  sticce  380.24  ;  stic- 108.19;  tihtan  70.35  ;  -tingnys  26.12  ; 
trimming  448.9;  3^illic  406.21;  (Jincan  96.1;  -d'lncdxi  82.1;  -S'riccan 
494.5;  -(Tricced- 608.20  ;  ^rim-  112. 10. 

3.  WG.  e  BEEORE  A  NASAL,  WS.  i : — niman  26.29. 

4.  The  REPRESENTATIVE  OF  WS.  ie,  X-UMLANT  OF  ea,  THE  BREAK- 
ING OF  WG.  a  : — hlihgan  180.14;  -sliht  482.33  ;    -slih3^  240.27. 

5.  The  REPRESENTATIVE  OF  WS.  if,  THE  /-UMLAUT  OF  CO : — gingra 
420.28;  hire  (gsf.)  (?)  316.30;  hire  (dsf.)  (?)  276.12  ;  -sihst  286.23  ;  -sih3^ 
4.26. 

6.  The  REPRESENTATIVE  OF    WS.  io,    THE  t'-UMLAUT    OF    WG./: — 

^lisne  352.22. 

7.  The  REPRESENTATIVE  OF  WS.  tO,  THE  tt-UMLAUT  OF  WS.  /,  WG. 
e  FOLLOWED  BY  A  NASAL  : — sinU  236. 21. 

8.  The  representative  of  WS.  to,  the  «-umlaut  of  WG.  /: — 
-nipu  614.29;  sindon  446.7  ;  3'isum  (ds.)  328.18;  3^isum  (dpi.)  356.5. 

9.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  palatal  umlaut  of  ea, 
the  breaking  of  WG.  a  before  h-\-A  consonant: — miht  6.17; 
mihte  384.1;   -mihtig  4.5  ;    niht  36.28. 

10.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  palatal  umlaut  of  eo,  the 
breaking  ofWG.  ^: — cniht  62.17;  -nihtan  8.13;  silf  (Cf.  Sievers- 
CooK,  §  101,  N.  2)  578.17;  six  14.29;  sixta  44.15. 

11.  The   representative  of  WS.  ie,   developed  from  WG.  e 

through  THE  influence  of  A   PRECEDING    PALATAL  :—gifan    32.35; 

gife  34-27;  -gifen  472.25;  gifu  2.6;  -gild  474-33;  g'lp  124.4;  -giltan 
180.26;  andgit  (?)  86.26;   -gitan   140.31;   -giten  540.19;  -scirian  124.6. 

12.  WG.  a,  WS.  /: — swilc  (Goth,  swaleiks)  2.2. 

13.  Shortened  from  WG.  i,  generally  with  gemination  of 

THE    following    CONSONANT   OR   WITH   ASSIMILATION    OF   THE    TWO 


1 2  FRA  NK  FISCHER . 

FOLLOWING  consonants: — bliss  36.5;  liccetere  120.2;  liss  330.30; 
riccetere  128.22;  riccra  130.33;  (bed)rida  472.24;  riftere  (?)  570.33 ; 
siccetung  86.8;    si3^i5'an  4.13;    ^rittig    20.9;    wicce-  474.22;   wimman 

40.35- 

14.  The  contraction  of  e-\-i: — binnan  22.6. 

15.  After  the  analogy  of  the  past  participles  of  verbs  of 
THE  First  Ablaut  Class  : frinen  426.3. 

16.  Foreign: — bibliotheca  436.13  ;  binn  (?)  30.31  ;  biscop  2.3  ;  Crist 
4.3;  Antecrist  4.21 ;  diaconas  44.8 ;  discipul  6.20  ;  diht  40.33  ;  gedihte 
16.3;  gimni  (Lat.  e,  followed  by  nasal)  450.21;  Indisc  456.14;  lilie 
444.11;   pistol  436.4. 

17.  Of  UNKNOWN  origin  : — ablicged  314.16  ;  begriwen  384.25. 

THE  VOWEL  /. 

1.  WG.  i,  WS.  f: bidan  6.20;    -bidian  42.18;    bitan  46.27;    bViSe 

136.11;  bridel  568.33;  cidan  96.1;  c\d  (Cosijn,  §  67)  100.16;  drifan 
268.26;  -dwinan  592.12 ;  frige-(?)  216.21 ;  gitsian  68.26;  gitsung  360.6; 
glig484.3;  -gripan  358.26 ;  hired62.i9;  hiwan432.2S;  hlisa  (Cosijn,  § 
71)  356-33;  -hnigan  428.8;  hwil  2.1;  hwit  88.34;  idel  320.26;  isen 
146.11;  lie  60.15;  lichama  4.25 ;  lician  104.23;  lif  8.7  ;  mil  42.35;  min 
4.2;  111^^54.13;  rice  6.4;  ricetere  82.21;  ridan  210.27;  gerim  98.24; 
-rima  442.35;  -ripian  (?)  84.5 ;  -risan  20.6;  ri.xian  28.19;  scinan  62.30; 
scir  82.11;  sicetung  614.15;  sid  456.18;  side  14.21;  -sigan  246.17; 
si^an(?)i46.i2  ;  -slidan  170.18;  -slitan  132.17  ;  -smitan  124.31  ;  -stifian  (?) 
598.11 ;  -stigan  22.20 ;  -swic  6.32  ;  -swican  16.22  ;  swig-  218.31 ;  tid  32.13  ; 
tima  2.17;  -timian  10.32;  ^ihan  16.14;  ^i"  i4-6 ;  'Trim  324.17;  3"ritig 
20.32;  wic  402.21;  wica  242.13;  wician  30.10;  wid  20.32;  wif  14.21; 
win  26.9;  wipian  426.30;  wis  2.10;  wise  176.3;  edwit  162.12;  -witan 
56.31;  wite  12.3;  witega  96.27;  -witegode  50.13;  witegung  80.18; 
-wrih?  364.27  ;  -writan  8.10;  -wri^an  208.3. 

2.  Lengthened  FROM  WG.  z  with  ecthlipsis  a)OF^: — frinan 
78.5;  -lire  526.26;  113^  116.35;  sil-  454.11;  ti3'  384.19;  -tif^'ian  76.22; 
^■inen  200.14.  b)  of  ;«  : — fif  182.16;  fiftig  20.32.  c)of«: — li^'e  210.18; 
liS'nys  320.10;  midl  360.19;  gesi^um  416.3;  -si?  58.29;  si3'ian  298.30; 
sti?  46.23;  swi3'2.i7. 

3.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  the  z-umlaut  of  ea: — 
-bicnian  106.27;  -bigan  170.23;  bigels  170.23;  cigan  30.7;  digelian 
34.14;  digellice  4.25  ;  -flian  466.3  ;  -fligan  64.22  ;  gime- 164.26;  gimen 
346.8;  igeo?  58.29;  -ihte  32.25;  -iwan  (?)  220.20  ;  lig  68.5  ;  liget  222.31 ; 
-lipig  34.4;  -tigan  206.10;  tige  248.21. 

4.  The  representive  of  WS.  ie,  the  z-umlaut  of  eo: drihS" 

102.15;  -flig3^6o6.6;  flih?  306. 10  ;  lihst  378.7;  lihtan  36.30;  smic592.11; 
tihst  434.7  ;  -tihst  180.12  ;  -tih?'  514.21. 

5.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  the  z-umlaut  of  io  before 
w: — hiw  20.34;  -hiwian6.i8;  hiwisc  310.27  ;  hiwung  250.21 ;  niw  36.23  ; 
niwelnys  8.24;  ?iwan  378.2. 

6.  The  representative  of  WS.  y,  the  z-umlaut  of  WG.  H  : — 
-bisnung  120.28;  brice  140.27;  bric3'  52.4;  drie  24.17;  bin?  340.33; 
-ligenod  54.1 ;  -sihton  84.16;  S^rih  222.12. 


STRESSED  VOWELS  OF  ALLFRICS  HOMILIES.      13 

7.  The  representative  of  WS.  jj/,  the  /-umlaut  of  {i  from  WG. 
tin: — ci^^hi  396.25  ;  wiscan  594.20  ;  gewi.scendlice  258.24. 

8.  The  representative  ok  VVS.  y,  the  /-umlaut  of  WG.  n,  the 
length  being  due  to  the  loss  of  a  following  ,^: — ingehid  530.7. 

9.  W.S.  in  : — fir  (CosijN,  §  107),  132.25. 

TO.  The  representative  OF  WS.  ze",  the  contraction  of /  + f  : — 
hi  (npl.)  4.33  ;  hi  (asf.)  458.16. 

11.  The  contraction  OF /+«  (CosijN,  §  40) : — hwi  320.2  ;  3^i226.io; 
forS'i  312.27. 

12.  The  result  of  secondary  lengthening  of  i: — bigspell 
342.16;  bigwist  358.23;  -bitene  242.10;  -biton  244.17;  -blin  434.13; 
-cinan336.9;  -dvvimor  86. 18  ;  -gif(WS.  7>)  596.17  ;  -gifen  (WS.  zV)  498.24  ; 
hine  26.22;  hlid  222.8;  -ligre  240.25;  scip  268.25;  sigrian  424.33; 
stincan  86.13  ;  wiglung  476.4. 

13.  Latin  oe  before  a  nasal  (pronounced  c) : — pinung  160.17. 

THE  VOWEL  (?. 

1.  WG.  o,  WS.  o  : — (be)bod  6.34  ;  -boden  596.22 ;  bodig  366.27  ;  boga 
212.33;  -bogen  434.25;  -boht  582.27;  -bohte  374.4;  -bolgen  420.1; 
-bora  330.27  ;  -bord  246.2  ;  -boren  278.8  ;  -borgen  56.18  ;  -borsten  86.5  ; 
botl  244.18;  broc  536.1;  -brocen  268.25  ;  -brocod  464.6  ;  brosnung98.9  ; 
-browen  352.7  ;  cnoll  502.13  ;  -cora  332.19  ;  -coren  324.20 ;  -corfen  420.5  ; 
corn  184.32  ;  coss  566.19;  cossian  566.19;  -costnian  166.8;  costnung 
4.7  ;  -cropen  400.7  ;  dohtor  20.8  ;  dolh  234.25  ;  dorste  316.33  ;  drohlnung 
126.2;  dropa  296.28;  dwollic  602.35;  -dwolmann  16.19;  flocc-  142.9; 
fola  216. 11;  folc  6.33;  folgian  52.6;  for  20.10;  -foran  20.26;  -fored 
(CosijN,  §  42)  260.29;  forhtian  52.15;  forma  44.11;  forst  84.15;  for^ 
16.4;  God  2.6;  gpde-  62.26;  gold  6.2;  -golden  332.4;  goretende 
530-31;  -goten-  594.17;  hogian  56.23;  hoi  160.33;  hold  170.9;  holt 
384.9;  hopa  350.24;  hopian  250.25 ;  hoppian  202.18;  hoppystre  484.3; 
hord  62.4;  hosp  56.11;  horig  472.16;  horn  522.25;  hors  432.33; 
(on)hrop  248.32;  -hroren  492.33;  -hworfen  590.24;  loc  572.27;  locc 
566.25;  -locen  272.17  ;  loddere  256.8 ;  lof  10,17;  -logen  316.27;  -loren 
340.13;  losian  (CosijN,  §  42)  92.2;  -loten  276.5;  lot-  192.9;  mold- 
492.33;  -molsnian  218.25 ;  -molten  488.7 ;  nor^  10.25;  ofer-  12.4;  ofet 
352.7  ;  ofost  380.14;  oft  74.28  ;  olfend  (CosijN,  §  42)  330.2  ;  open-  4.25  ; 
orf;  or5'4.29;  orS'ian  86.8  ;  o^'^e  6.35  ;  oxa  42.25  ;  rodor- 308.3  ;  rotian 
116. 7  ;  -scofen  332.26  ;  scop  (CosijN,§42)  118. i;  -scoren  448.29  ;  scorian 
114. 12;  scort  218.19;  scortlice  202.29;  -scoten  502.28;  -slopen  86.25; 
snotor  2.14;  -soden  84.15;  -solcen  306.11;  -sorgian  50.25;  sorh 
52.18;  store  404.25;  storm  526.31;  -swollen  86.ir  ;  -sworcennys 
428.30;  -svvoren  132.24;  -toga  78.15;  -togen  266.4;  toll  510.28;  tolMre 
324.3;  -toren  542.20;  -torfian  42.1  ;  torr(CosijN,  §42)  380.8;  gea'ofta 
46.12;  ge^^oftraeden  90.18;  ^Tolian  140.32;  ^orfte  18.23;  S^orn  18.16; 
^■oterung  68.7  ;  ^rosm  332.17;  wolcen  22.11;  wolde  320.7  ;  word  18.14; 
-worden  432.5  ;  -worpen-  330.9. 

2.  WG.  u,  WS.  o  :— orw^ne  86.28. 

3.  WG.  a,  before  a  nasal,  WS.  g  :— lichomlice  142.7  ;  dasghwom- 
lice  408.6;  on  2.2;    onettan  384.14;  ungesome  478.25;  3^one  (but  cf. 


14  FRANK  FISCHER. 

SiEVERS-CooK,  §65,  N.  2)352.15;  for3'on(but  cf.  Siev^ers-Cook,  §65, 
N.  2)  172.18;  '?onne  2.2;  womm  256.31. 

4.  WG.  a,  WS.  o: — nosu  456.8;  of  2.7. 

5.  The  result  op  the  influence  of  a  preceding  m  on  WS.  eo, 

THE  7^-UMLAUT  OR  THE  BREAKING  OF  WG.  €  : WOrht    360.8  ;    WOruId 

2.18. 

6.  Shortened  from  WS.  6,  WG.  6,  with  gemination  of  fol- 
lowing CONSONANT  : — Hioddrie  58.3. 

7.  The  CONTRACTION  OF  ^  -f-  ^  : — nolde  320.9. 

8.  After  the  analogy  of  the  past  participles  of  the  Second 
Ablaut  Class  of  verbs  : 5'ogen  448.34;  -^wogen  (?)  472.5. 

9.  Foreign: — coccel  526.21;  forca  430.11;  offrian  22.33;  offring- 
218.9;  port- 490.29;  portic  508.10;  potian  522.25. 

THE  VOWEL  6. 

1.  WG.  6,  WS.  6  : — bled  6.27  ;  blostma  84.13  ;  blowan  64.15  ;  boc  2.7  ; 
bog  236.19;  bosm84.9;  bot268.2i;  -brc'^ru  32.5;  dom  2.10;  don  12.13  ; 
flod  20.36;  -flor  314.5;  -flowend- 334.30 ;  foda  42.27;  -gefoh  408.16; 
foster- 30.6 ;  fostor  20.34 ;  fot  16.6;  frofor  14.19;  glowan  424.35;  god 
U4-33  (good  2.5,  g6od  144.28,  go6d  238.16);  gegodian  266.7;  -grof 
466.13;  growan  304.26;  hlowan  590.15;  hoc  362.27;  -hofian  2.17; 
-hofon  596.21  ;  hrof  22.20 ;  hwon  86.18  ;  nateshwon  78.14 ;  hwonlic  38.6  ; 
locian  152.22;  -logian  12.33;  gelome  36.16;  mod  2.6;  modignys  12.28; 
modor  20.18;  moste  268.32 ;  mot  260.23;  gemot  290.12;  moton  350.1; 
genoh  18.2;  oga  222.32  ;  rod  26.34 ;  rohte  162. i  ;  rot  268.27;  -unrotsian 
142.20;  rowan  182.32;  -5000574.15;  -slogon  290.30 ;  -sloh  404.11;  -soc 
390.21;  -socon  386.34;  sohte  338.31;  stod  86.13;  stodon  296.3;  -stop 
360.35;  stow  42.35;  swor  452.3 ;  to  2.4;3^rowian  26.28;  5^woh  418.21; 
wod  26.13;  wop  60.15;  worian  148.3. 

2.  WG.  d  before  a  nasal,  WS.  6\ — oom  290.19;  oomon  290.16; 
gedon  324.12;  mona  14.27;  mona^  98.35  ;  sona  12.3. 

3.  The  contraction  of  6^  k  following  vowel: — doS^  464.15; 
-fo  72.17;  -fon  34.31 ;  -fo^  294.26;  -Hon  162.13;  scos  456.21. 

4.  Lengthened  from  WS.  o,  WG.  a,  with  loss  of  the  follow- 
ing nasal: — brohte  230.20;  co3'  466.16;  -foh  426.16;  ol^cung  488.9; 
0^4.9;  o3'er6.35;  softe  164.2;  softnys  270.5;  so^  4.15;  to^  126.20; 
ge^^oht  96.20  ;  (5>ohte  82.12  ;  woh  8.15. 

5.  Lengthened  from  o,  with  ecthlipsis  of  following  g: — 
broden  300.17. 

6.  Ths  result  of  secondary  lengthening  of  o  : — ^bebod  14.12  ; 
-goten  554.28;  hoga  132.13;  hogian  38.32;  hopian  256.25;  hord  78.27; 
horig  456.20;  lof  364.8 ;  ofet  546.5;  ofne  544.6;  on  614.16;  or-  52.18; 
wolcen  22.11 ;  word  30.35;  -worpen-  130.29. 

7.  Foreign: — non  108.18;  Romanise  318.29;  rose  64.14;  see!  440.8. 

THE  VOWEL  u. 

I.  WG.  7/,  WS.  u: — blunnen  544.9;  budon  450.6;  bugon  316.2; 
-bunden  364.24;  -bundon  594.31;  burh  22.19;  burston  108.20;  crume 
330.28;  -cund  348.7 ;  cunne6.i9;  cunnon  154.15;  -curfe  92.34;  -curon 
434.30;  cuwon  404.5;  -drugon  340.28 ;  drunce  72.11 ;  -druncen  590.30; 


STRESSED   VOWELS  OF  CLERICS  HOMILIES.      15 

dugii^  160.15;  dumb  26.12;  durre  508,32;  duru  64.31  ;  -flugon  54^.29; 
-fruma  8.20;  fultuni  4.8;  funde  414.20;  -funden  340.5;  grund-  72.5; 
-gunnen  270.18;  -gunnon  314-10;  -gute  420.1;  hund  20.31;  hunger 
58.30;  hunta  576.14;  huntian  576.25;  iugo^  322.33;  -lugon  44.26; 
-lumpen  316.31 ;  -lumpen  352.24;  -luron  360.28;  lust5S.i7;  -luton 
538.18;  niund- 330.27;  -munde  42.24;  pluccian  2f2.35  ;  -runnen  40.29; 
scrutnian  582.26;  scuton  404.4;  -scufon  402.17 ;  -sprungon  610.12 ; 
■stunt  96.11;  sum  2.4;  sumerlic  98.22 ;  sund  16.7;  -sundron  152.3; 
-sungen  56.27;  -sungon  582.32;  sunne  14-27;  sunu  10.10;  swulton 
404.2;  swunce  102.18;  swunge  384.6;  -swungen  392.3 ;  -trum  4.21; 
-truma  442.34  ;  wyrtruma  132.7;  trumnj-s  52.13  ;  tugon  246.11  ;  tunge 
S.i;  tungol  64.30;  turnian  (?)  51423;  -(Junden  330.20  ;-rTungen  344.12  ; 
(Turfon  138.21 ;  ?urh  2.4 ;  ^urstig  582.25;  (Tus  78.19;  under  2.16; 
undern  74.21;  ungel  (?)  522.35;  unne  506.27  ;  -unnen  366.16  ;  -unnon 
370.8;  upp  246.5;  urnon  470.7;  wuldor  32.26;  wund  50.26;  -wunden 
340.1 ;  -wundon  84.32;  wundor  4.31  ;  -wunnen  354.  8  ;  -wunnon  218.17  •: 
wurdon  316.18;  vvurm  102.6;  wurpon  246.2. 

2.  WG.  o,  WS.  ?<:— bucca  (Cosijn,  §47)  59°- 15;  cnucian  248.31; 
fugel  14.28;  full  34.7;  fur^on  52.34;  furfur  360.29 ;  hulc  336.10;  lufian 
10.20;  murcnian  140.19;  must  314-21;  pu.sa  254.31;  spurnan  116.20; 
ufan  6.7  ;  -uferian  80.28;  ufor  70,35  ;  wulf  36.15. 

3.  WG.  o  BEFARE  NASALS,  VVS.  u: cuman  2.19;   guma  200.21; 

-hunig  352.7  ;  -numa  32.34 ;  -numen  296.6  ;  ^unres-  214.28  ;  wunian  4.10  ; 
wunung  12.27. 

4.  Due  to  z£;-influence  upon  eo  or  io,  themselves  the  result 

OF  BREAKING  OR  OF  U-  OR  0-UMLAUT  OF  A  WG.  i"  OR  I  :  -CUCU  16.4;  -hwur- 

fan  562.13;  suwian<WG.  1)56.18;  swura  46.23;  swurd  84.18;  swustur 
86.30;  swutele  608.29;  -swutelian  8.4;  svvutelHce  38.8;  tuwa  24.28; 
betwux  4.33 ;  uton  14.18;  wuce  100.27;  wudu  62.34;  wuduwe  66.16; 
wurpan  50.16.;  wur^  62.8;  -wurfTan  4.5;  wur3^ian  22.32;  wur^^mynt 
10.17  ;  arwur3^nes  24.34. 

5.  The  CONTRACTION  OF  ^  +  tt  : — bufan  38.31, 

6.  Shortened  from  WS.  w,  WG.  m,  with  gemination  of  fol- 
lowing consonant: — hluttor  58.11. 

7.  After  the  analogy  of  the  preterits  of  contract  verbs 
OF  the  Second  Ablaut  Class: (?ugon  444.15. 

8.  Latin  o  before  nasals,  WS.  u  : — munuc  2.  i ;  munt  440. 15 ;  pund 

400.19. 

9.  Foreign  :—culfre  104.21;  Judeisc  48.19 ;  purpura  32S.11;  tunece 
34.  29;  turtle  140. 1. 

THE  VOWEL  K, 

1.  WG.  //,  WS.  7/:— brucan  12.34;  bugan  4,28;  bur  458,27;  -gebur 
340.8;  clut  424,19;  dun  8.25;  ful  458-6;  hlud  74.6;  huxlice  (?)  48,23  ; 
hus  30.14";  lutian  496.19;  rum  36.2 ;  scrud66,i;  scufan  58.26;  -scunian 
(Cosijn,  §82)  114.5 ;  scur  64.31  ;  sucan  246.21  ;  susl  6.6  ;  truwa  170.28; 
tru\vian2.i6;  tun-  422.11;  <^Tuh  564.19;  ^usend  38.5;  -uhtan  74.20; 
ut  6.12. 

2.  WG.  d,  preceded  by  a/:— hu  6.10;  huhe  274.3;  huru  72.15; 
(bu)tu  18.10. 


1 6  FRANK  FISCHER. 

3.  The  representative  of  WG.  a  (Cosijn,  g  7) :— bu(tu)  18.10. 

4.  The  contraction  of  ^+  ti: — butan  2.13  (buton  344.30). 

5.  Lengthened  from  WG.  «,  with  ecthlipsis.  a)  of  g:— 
-brude  394.14;  -frunon  456.7.  b)  of  «  :— cu3' 2.4 ;  cu3'e2.ii;  dust 
18.  iS;  husul  34. iS;  mu3^  54.16;  su3"  504.8 ;  -S'uht  318.27;  <^uhte  292.5; 
ure2.i9;  us  76.6  ;  uS^e  452.19;  u^^wita  (Grein)  60.31. 

6.  The  result  of  secondary  lengthening  of  « :— iu  62.25; 
mund  504.19;  mundian  274.6;  munt  504.28;  nu  20.31;  swurd  482.22; 
d\i.  6.28;  unforht  592.8;  up  188.21 ;  wundor  26.2. 

THE  VOWEL  y. 

I  The /-umlaut  of  «  :— bryne    132.26;    -bryrdan    58.14;     -bryttan 
464.27;     bydel   4.12;    -byligan    564.29;    -byrd    2.5;    -byrdnys    28.24; 
byrgen    26.15;     byrian     18. i;     -byrian     2.2;     byrig     22.20;    byrigan 
26.35;     byr?en    62.34;     byr^ere     308.12;     byr^re      210.16;      gebytle 
66.11 ;  bytming  5^6.10 ;  -clyppan  136.25;  cyfe  58.25  ;   cyme  24.13  ;  cymst 
34.21;  cym3"  28.14;  cyning  2.3  (cyneg  232.4,  cyng  212.7);  cynn   2.19; 
cyrce    42.35;     cyrclic    150.26;     eyre     10.19;    -cyrf   (?)  94.32;    cyrnel 
236.17;  cyrtel  64.13;  cyssan  430.31;  cyst  66.2;    cystig  60.14;  -dwyld 
(?)  8.14;  -dyre  310.28;   dyrstig  506.31;  dyrstignes  70.7;  -dyrst-  2.15; 
dyselig  94-35;    dyslic    60.22;     frym^     4.1;     fylian     382.18;     fyligan 
50.28;  fylian  58.24;  fylst  8.8;  fyrhtan  30.17;  fyrmest  44.14;  -fyr^rian 
210.13;  gryre  470.8;  gyden   426.7;  gylden  60.29;  gylt   164.27;  gyrdel 
86.9;    gyte  544-24;    hlyst   138.27;    hlystan  54.16;  hlyte  346.29;  hryre 
32.38;    -hwyrft  30.2;     -hycgan  300.19;    -hyldan  542.29;    hyll  576.26; 
hyrdel  430.23;  hyrn-  106.12;  hyrned  102.7;  hyse- 80.15;  -lybbe  72.24; 
lyffetung  492.32;  lyffetynd  492.28  ;  lyften  308.3;  lyre  6.27;  oflyst  136.6; 
lystan  148.24;  -mynd  220.3 ;    -myndan  80.12;  -myndig6.9;  mynegian 
56.20;  -mynegian  88.22;  mynegung  6.29;  mynetere  406.17;  mynster 
2.4;  wur^mynt  10.17;  myrig  154.11;  myrhS'  154. 11;  nyt  412.12;  ryne 
80.32;  -rynel  356.21;  rysel  522.34;  ry^3^a  372.34;  scyld410.11;  -scyl-  dian 
12.21  ;  -scyldig  6.34;  scyle  198.28;  -scyte  608.32  ;  scytra  612.33  ;  -scyttan 
540.31 ;  -slype  456-19  ;  smylte  182.32  ;  smyltnys  608.13  ;  spryttan  216.14  ; 
spyrn3^  390.10;    styrian  44.28;    styrung  360.16;    syfling    (Cf.    Grein 
s.    V.  gesyflaji)    188.19;    symbel   20.35;    syn  6.2;     synderlice    22.23; 
getrymman  4.9;  tyrnan  514.20;  -f5'ryccean  534.25 ;  -^ryccednys  608.7  ; 
-^Crymm  2S.15;    (^)3rryt  (?)  88.32;    -S^yldigan   56.16;     -^yldlice   56.13; 
^yllic  42.30;    -3fyrl   584.28;    ^^yrnen   162.14;    ('^yrstan  336.3;  -wynsum 
184. 1  ;    andwyrdan  62.6;    awyrdnys   136.31;    (for)vvyrd  4.12;  -wyrdan 
4.24;  gewyrdelic  58.7 ;  wyrdwritere  80.5;  wyrhta  8.5;  wyrm   132.19; 
vvyrt  304.25;  vvyrtruma  132.7;  yfel4.i2;  yfemest  308.9 ;  ymbe  10.3. 

2.  The  representative  of  ie,  the  /-umlaut  of  ea: — gebyld 
52.17;  -byldan  310.7;  byldo  2.8;  cvvylmian  86.3;  cyle  84.14;  -cyrran 
6.29;  -fyldan  184.31;  fyll  380.28;  -fylian  380.20;  fyl^  160.6;  fyrd  312.3; 
gyrd  62.34;  gyrela  298.31;  gyrla  88.35;  -Invyrfan  60.23;  hwyrftlian 
514.21;  -hyldan  160.34;  hylt  54.13;  hyrwan  424.13;  -myrran  372.3; 
nyrwan  34.35;  -nyrwian  410.1 ;  -scyppan  16.21 ;  styrnlic  182.34;  sylen 
584.17;  syllan  54.4;  syrewung  80.34;  syrvvan  82.20;  syrwian  374.19; 
-5'ryle  34-34;    -^wyh?  618.12;  wycx^^  154-27;  -wyldan  28.12;  -wyllde 


STRESSED   VOIVELS  OF  CLERICS  HOMILIES. 


17 


568.9;  wyll- 22.3  ;  wylm  96.25;  -wyltan  222.8  ; -wyriged  18.16  ;  -vvyrnan 
14.3;  -wyrpan  46.3;  wyx^T  278.25;  yld  84.3;  yidian  350.14;  ylding 
220.9;  yldra  60.23;  yrm^u  184.32. 

3.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  the  /-umlaut  of  eo,  to: — 
-bryc3'  272.6;  byrnan  118. 2;  byrfT  182.12;  -cnyrdnys  118. 7;  cwyrn- 
514.17;  cwyst  380.3;  cwy^T  54.29;  cyr0  472.15;  cyrm  618.17;  -fyni 
94.12;  fyr- 106.21  ;  -fyrsian  124.31;  gyh^a  86.12;  gyrnan  140.32  ;  hyrde 
6.13;  hyre  (gsf.)  346.26;  hyre  (dsf.)  276.13;  -hyrtan  152.31;  -lyhtan 
400.25;  scylfe  166.16;  -scyrtan4.6;  tyrian  132.26;  tyrwan  20.33 ;  wyfst 
488.25;  -wyrpst  588.5;  vvyrresta  384.3;  wyrsa  10.35;  wyrsian  124.26; 
wyrsta  66.29;  -wyr^T  264.22;  yrfe- 32.34;  yrnan  104.5;  yrsian  362.30; 
yrsung  592.3  ;'  yr3r-  450.11 ;  yr^ling  342.6. 

4.  The  representative  of  WS.  to.  eo,  the  o-umlaut  of  WG.  i : 
— byfian  108.21;  clypian  6.31;  gynian  160.9;  hyra  (gpl.)  452.15; 
andlyfa  398.31;  sy^^an  6.15;  (Cf.  Sievers-Cook,  §  109,  N.) ;  tylian 
242.1;  3"ysne  364.22. 

5.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie.  the  w-umlaut  of  WG.  i:— 
iyma  604.35;  lymum  596.14;  syndon  276.8. 

6.  The  representative  of  WS.  i,  WG.  i: — bysegian  (Cosijn,  § 
32,  p.  50)  306.3;  bysmor  152.7;  byst  488.24;  byternys  408.26;  cvvyc- 
328.21 ;  cwyddian  364.14;  cwyde28.2o;  cwyld  614.9  ;  -cwysan  (?)  60.24  ; 
cyld  140.1;  cyrps  456.24;  -dylegian  68.11;  fylmen  94.13;  fyren-96.15; 
fyrst  58.22;  fya^er-  364.28;  gyf  464.22;  angyn  70.19;  -gynnan  612.5; 
hwylc  286.26;  lybban  266.2;  mycel  2.9;  myld  210.9;  myslic 
84.24;  nygon-  432-21;  nygo^^a  554-11;  nyS'emest  536.10;  ny^'er 
170.23;  -ny^erian  300.29;  ny^^eweard  536.9;  scylling  88.4;  scypmen 
244.29;  -styllan  156.19;  -swycon  70.32;  swyft  296.33;  -swylc^  216.12; 
swylt  6.30;  swymman  276.13;  syge  84.31;  sylfren  366.25;  symle 
36.14;  synd  244.10;  untwylice  282.30;  getwysa  110.21 ;  tydder  286.8 ; 
-tymbrian  144.33;  9"yder  384.13 ;  -3^yged  266.15;  ^ygen  266.17;  ^'yses 
324.8;  3fysre  294.23;  ^yssera  266.17;  '^yssere  272.4;  wylla  258.19; 
wyllan  20.28;  wynstre  222.14;  ylca  (?)  6.23. 

7.  The  representative  of  WS.  i,  WG.  e,  before  a  nasal  : — 
-nyman  322.9. 

8.  The  result  of  the  influence  of  the  preceding  w  in  W^S. 
weo,  wio,  developed  from  an  original  WG.  we,  wi: — swyster 
58.20;  ^wyr  174.27;  ^wyrlic  4.22;  ^^vvyrnys  4.32;  wydevve  60.12; 
wyrcan  4.3  ;  wyr^^  4.33- 

9.  Due  to  the  influence  of  a  preceding  palatal,     a)  On  e  : 

gyddian  410.16;  gyfan  20.17;  -gyfen  49834;  gyfta  58.8;  gyld  70.23; 
-gyldan  96.19;  gylp  62.7;  gyrstan  56.33;  gyse  (?)  14.4 ;  -gytan  140.3; 
-scyldan  52.15;  -scyrian  98.9.  b)  on  £,  the  i-umlaut  of  g  :— 
-scyndan  48.19. 

10.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  the  palatal  umlaut  of  eo, 
which  has  arisen  from  WG.  e  through  breaking  : — sylf  (Sievers- 
Cook,  ^  loi,  N.  2)  6.15;  syx  202.2;  syxtig-  148.20. 

11.  The  representative  of  WS.  £,  the  /-umlaut  of  g,  WG.  a 
before  A  nasal: — cynnestre  352.27  ;  -stynt  158,35. 

12.  The  contraction  of  ^+/:— bynnan  22.1;  nys  274.21;  nyste 


1 8  FRANK  FISCHER. 

366.6;  nyston  106.4;  nytan  92.30;  nyte  348.30;  nyten  62.14;  nytennys 
384.27. 

13.  Shortened  from  y  with  gemination  of  the  following 
consonant; — 3'rynnys  134.4;  yttra  530.14. 

14.  WG.  a  : — swylc  (Goth,  swaleiks)  32.25. 

15.  Foreign  : — cyrographum  300.5 ;  gymm  (WS.  i,  Lat.  e  followed 
by  nasal),  458.24;  myrram  78.28  (myrran  116. 6.) 

16.  Of  unknown  origin  : — dyde  352.17;  nywerenan  566.5;  wyln 
110.27. 

THE  VOWEL  i. 
i.  The  z-umlaut  of  WG.  t'c. — bryd  58.14;  -byhS'  288.9;  bysen  8.1 ; 
bysnian6.23;  -clysan  86.30;  clysing  332.20;  dry  370.31 ;  dryg3' 284.35  ; 
drypan  (CosijN,  §  83)  118. 4;  -fylan  110.20  ;  fyr  (CosijN,  §  107)  6.3  ;  fyren 
(Cosijn,  §  107)  132.18  ;  Hlyda  100.5  '.  hydan  108.18  ;  hyra  (CosijN,  §  83) 
238.13;  lyt6.22;  lytel  64.14;  ryman  28.12;  rymet  30.14;  geryne  90.8; 
geryno  154.6;  scrydan  18.20;  S'ryh  222.8;  9^yde  (Cosijn,  §  83)  88.10; 
yting  34.13. 

2.  The  z-umlaut  of  «  (from  WG.  ?/«) : — cy^an  6.32  ;  cy3^ere  384.28  ; 
cy?<?u  396.27  ;  hry^er-  322.35  ;  hy3'3'  240.30;  yd  108.17  ;  y3'ung  492.1. 

3.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  the  «-umlaut  of  da: — byme 
6.32  ;  cypa  406.17  ;  gecype  406.17  ;  cyping  406.6 ;  cypman  406.1 ;  -dydan 
402.11;  -flya?  344.28;  -flyman  524.28;  gyman  342.31;  gyme- 
8.12;  gymen  28.21 ;  hlytta34.i;  hryman  46.33 ;  hyhsta  198.30 ;  -hypan 
410.21;  -hype  492.33;  hyran  2.9;  -hyrsum  14.5;  -hyrsumian  12.12; 
-lyfan  24.26;  -lysan  6.29;  -lyft  226.3;  nyd-  256.30;  nydan  12.15;  nyten 
14.14  ;  -rypan  66.11 ;  -scyte  466.14;  slype  376.30;  stypel  22.19;  syfernys 
360.5;  syfre  596.32;  gesyman  458.23;  -tygan  206.11;  tyman  18.26: 
yean  32.20;  -ywan  170.33. 

4.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  the  z-umlaut  of  eo: — hxyd 
250.21;  -byt  178.27;  bytt  358.31;  dyrling  58.1;  flyh^  238.14;  frynd 
50.23;  fynd  50.24;  hryst  368.25;  -hryw^  598.8;  -lyhtan  286.1;  -lyst 
54.1;  -lys?  338.24;  ly^^^er  (Cf.  Cosijn,  §  106)  168.6;  scyt  362.22;  -scyt 
346.5;  strynan  20.8;  styran  360.15  ;  ansyn46.6;  twyn  116.16;  betwynan 
(?)  256.30;  twynian  132.27;  twynung  72.32;  tyn  10.12;    Sfystru  144.10. 

5.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  the  /-umlaut  of  to  before 
w: hywed  406.11  ;  nyw  540.34;  nywelnys  174.25. 

6.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  the  result  of  palatal 
influence  on  e,  the  /-umlaut  of  WG.  6: — gescy  404.5. 

7.  The  representative  of  ^,  the /-umlaut  of  d,  WG.  at: — 
bryden  (?)  288.4. 

8.  The  representative  of  WS.  ^,  WG.  e: — myse  188.34. 

9.  The  representative  of  WS.  i,  /-umlaut  of  WG.  6: — bewypan 
(?)  84.29. 

10.  The  representative  of  WS.  z,  WG.  i: — gyfernys  86.6; 
gytsere  64.33;  hyred  92.10;  hywan  430.31;  -ryman  538.12;. 
-scyran  298.33 ;  -svvyc^  304.27;  twyfealdlic  140.16;  tyma  18.26;  3'rym 
368.1  ;  ydel  60.33  ;  -ydlian  60.5. 

11.  The  representative  of  WS.  i  (from  WG.  in): —  -swyS'an 
462.12;  swyS'e  372.1;  swy^ra  48.11. 


STRESSED   VOWELS  OF  AtLFRICS  HOMILIES.     19 

12.  The  contraction  of  /+£•:— sy  54-15;  syn  (?)  264.1 ;  ^ry  20.29. 

13.  The  contraction  of  /+  k  (Cosijn,  $  40) : — dy  382.32. 

14.  Lengthened   from  y,   after   loss  of   a   following  g: — 
ingehyd  280.12. 

15.  Due  to  secondary  lengthening  of  y,  the  representa- 
tive of  WS.  iy  WG.  i: — S-ygen  266.8. 

16.  The  representative  of  WS.  ie,  of  unknown  origin  :— gyt 
14.17 ;  gyta  608.29. 

THE  DIPHTHONG  ea. 

I.  The  breaking  of  WG.  a.  a)  Before  /-[-a  consonant:— 
beald-  52.17;  -bealh  372.17;  ceald  320.23;  -cweald  48.22;  cwealm 
608.18;  ealdor  10.21;  -ealgian  502.31;  eall  4.6;  ealswa  342.6;  -feald- 
32.25;  -feald  100.19;  -feallan  12.4;  -geald  474.1  ;  gealga  588.16 ;  gealh 
472.8;  gealla  584.34;  -healden4.9;  healf4.3i  ;  heall  52.20;  healt  26.11  ; 
-seald  474.12  ;  sealde  62.21;  sealf  220.31;  seal m- 106.11 ;  -steal de  50.2', 
steall  48.29;  -swealh  246.12;  swealt  434.11;  -teald  328.29;  wealcan 
250.17;  weald  6.19;  wealdan  64.16;  wealh-  436.14;  vveall  106.12; 
weallan  58.25.  b)  Before  r-f  a  consonant  : — beard  456.18;  beam 
20.7;  cearcian  132.30;  cweartern  72.19;  dearr458.i7;  eard8.3;  earfo?- 
4.10;  earm  64.32;  -earnian  8.6;  cart  54.10;  fearr  502.9;  geard  4.2; 
gearcian  12.2;  heard  48.2;  hearm  56.2;  hearpe  322.33;  hwearflian 
392.34;  mearcian  310.27;  nearu  (Sievers-Cook,  §  105,  N.)  34.32; 
scearp  434.8;  scearpnys  58.30;  searo-  (Sievers-Cook,  §  105,  N.) 
192.15;  spearca  466.26;  stearc  362.34 ;  sweart4.i3;  teart- 330.1;  (J'earf 
342.2;  S^earflice  556.15  ;  3^earfa54.2;  S^earl  34-34;  weard  572.30;  for- 
weard  92.34;  inweardlice  58.16  ;  wi^'erweardnys  12.22  ;  -wearp  246.18  ; 
wears' 2.2.  c)  Before  A, -f  a  consonant  or  final: — eahta  90.29; 
leahtor6.33;  -leahtrian  8.12 ;  -seah  2.8;  seax  88.9;  geS^eaht  44.30; 
3'eahtian  572.30;  weaxan  20.19;  -weaxen  258.18. 

2.  The  w-UMLAUT  OF  WG.  a  : — bealu  266.14; -freatwian  62.26;  gearu 
18.2;  -sceadewian  198.30;  sceadu  (but  cf.  Sievers-Cook,  §  105,  N.  i) 
316.15;  sceadwung  610.1 ;  screafe  (dat.  sing.;  from  analogy  of  the 
plural)  406.3. 

3.  Due  to  the  influence  of  a  preceding  palatal  upon  WG. 
a: — ceaf  594.6;  ceaflas  534.17;  ceaster  30.20;  -geaf  76.12;  geafol 
430-5*>  geat  76.3;  -sceacan  212.10;  gesceaft  8.24;  sceal  6.14;  scealt 
578.17;  sceamian  18.12;  sceamu  256.5;  -sceamul  262.5;  -sceap  94.1; 
-sceapen  70.17;  gesceapu  86.10;  sceatt  88.4;  scea^fa  72.30;  sleac 
(Sievers-Cook,  §  210.1)  602.15;  sleacnys  350.15. 

4.  The  representative  of  WS.  eo,  the  (?-umlaut  of  WG.  i:^ 
teala  332.15. 

5.  The  representative  of  WS.  eo,  the  breaking  of  WG.  e:— 
Sllhearwen  (a  corruption  of  the  stem  of  hweorfan  ?)  454.11. 

THE  DIPHTHONG  ^a. 

I.  WG.  a«,  WS.  <?a: — beacen  44.22;  -bead  294.17;  beagian  50.12; 

-beah  298.28;  -beamed  610.2;  -beat  406.8;    beatan   432.12;   -beaten 

432.12;  breac  450.2;  -brea?  10.18;  ceac- 428.1;  ceap  406.15;  -ceapian 

62.3;    -ceas   258.9;    ceast  408.26;    deadlic   14.2;    deaf  26.13;    dreah 


20  FRANK  FISCHER. 

452.25;  dream  524.34;  eac  2.16;  eaca  30.9;  eacan  52.20;  eadignys 
32.32;  eadmodnys  12.27;  eagei8.3;  eah-  474-8;  eala  (Cosijn,  §92) 
40.6  ;  eare  46.33  ;  eastan  42.34 ;  Easter- 182.3  ;  ea^^elic  4.7  ;  fleah  466.12  ; 
fleam  (Cosijn,  §  92)82.26;  geaplice  (Cf.  Grein,  s.  v.  ^^a/>)  80.9; 
gleawlice  122.18;  great  52.8;  heafod3o.4;  heah  10.13;  heap  298.10; 
heawan  62.34;  hleapung  480.35;  hream  156.26;  -hreas  608.26;  -leac 
272.15;  lead  254.26;  leaf  236. 19;  geleafa6.i9;  leah  170.4;  lean  200.16; 
edlean6.6;  leas  4.30;  leasung  6.5;  leat  296.2;  neadian  4.18;  read 
46.16;  reafi8.i9;  -reafian  42S.5  ;  -sceaf  570.28;  sceat  502.18  ;  sceavvian 
76.11;  screadian  (?)  88.9;  seam  20.33;  -searian  610.19;  sea?  488.5; 
smeagan  (Cosijn,  §  92)  10.2;  steam  86. 14;  steap  456.17;  stream  562.15  ; 
streamlic  444.10;  streaw  404.6;  racenteag  434-8;  teah  378.9;  team 
238.1;  rTeah2.i;  f^reaw  94.32;  ^reagan  66.34;  ^reagian  360.17;  (Treal 
362.34;  3"rean  52.18;  ?reat  346.32;  ^reatian  126.6;  S^reatung  410.8; 
S'rea?  530.7. 

2.  Due  to  the  influence  of  a  preceding  palatal  upon  d  ok 
a: — gea  316.32;  gear  4.31 ; -geaton  68.4;  -scead  96.13;  -sceadan  344.2  ; 
-scean3o.  16;  sceap  240.18;  scea?  482.32. 

3.  Due  to  the  influence  of  a  following  w  on  an  original 
WG.  a: — feavve  70.21. 

4.  Due  to  the  influence  of  a  following  w  upon  d:,  the 
i-UMLAUT  OF  d,  WG.  ai\ — eaw-  314.12;  hreavv  380.34. 

5.  The  representative  of  WG.  d  before  h  (Cf.  Sievers-Cook, 
§  57.2.  d): — neawist  (h  has  disappeared)  346.18. 

6.  The  representative  of  WS.  <?o,  WG.  iu  : hreaw  606.1. 

7.  The  contraction  OF  WG.  a  +  o,  w  : — ea  86.20;  geslea  568.32; 
-slea?  86.35;  tear  66.29;  -^vvean  464.17. 

8.  The  contraction  of  WG.  d-\-u: — nean  24.14;  near  268.27. 

9.  The  contraction  of  WG.  e -\- o  (Cf.  Sievers-Cook,  §  113): — 
gefea  30.19;  gefean  340. 17. 

10.  After  the  analogy  of  the  preterits  of  the  Second 
Ablaut  Class: ?eah  558.10;  -wreah  328.16. 

11.  Lengthened  from  ea,  the  palatalization  of  WG.  a,  with 
ecthlipsis  of  the  following  g: — ongean  10.26. 

THE  DIPHTHONG  eo. 

1.  The  breaking  OF  ^,  z.    a)BEFOREr+.A  consonant: beorg 

40.34 ;  -beorgan  416. 17  ;  beorhtnys  30. 16 ;  ceorfan  516.4 ;  ceorlian  238.  i ; 
-cneordlice  36.11;  -deorf  56.3;  eornostlice  38.13;  eorS'e  6.9;  feorh 
88.17,  (feore,  dat.,  384.7) ;  -feormiangS.n;  feorr  106.16;  feorran  358.7  ; 
-georn  60.14;  geornlice  8.11;  heorcnian  362.11;  heorcnung  26.13; 
heord- 502.10;  heorte  10.23;  leorning  2.20;  neorxna-(?)(but  cf.  Grein) 
12.34;  gereord  2.7;  steorfan  398.34;  steorra  14.28;  S^weoran  232.7; 
^weorh  302.30 ;  ^weorian  380.8 ;  weorc  8.7 ;  vveornian  64.15;  -weor<Tan 
14.35.  b)  Before  h,-\-  a  consonant  or  final  : — feoh  66.10 ;  feohtan 
48.30;  leohtra  (breaking  of  shortened  WG.  i)  330.11;  meox  118.15; 
pleoh  178.34;  beseoh  566.14;  -teohode  198.27;  betweox  246.2.  c) 
Before  m  :  eom  4.3.- 

2.  The  «-umlaut  of  e,  i: — ceosol  536.31;    heofon  6.8;    heonon 


SmESSEI)   VOWELS  OF  ^LFRICS  HOMILIES.     21 

22.13;    beneorTan  86.9;    neo^or  50.4;    seofontig  26.6;  seofofta   14.31 - 
seolfor  22.29;  svveoster  260.19;  fifteogo^a  310.24 ;  weoruld  4.19. 

3.  The  o-UMLAUT  OF  ^,  7':— ceorian  338.10;  heora  70.22;  hreopian 
316.16;  bigleofa  54.3;  leofast  58417;  leofaf^f  266.1;  leofode  39219; 
endleofta  29S.5;  teolian  392.19;  teolung  66.10;  -teorian  58.10; 
-teorigendlic  56.16. 

4.  Due  to  palatal  influence:  on  o,  ti.—geoc  212.10;  geogo^ 
340.27;  geond  308.19;  geong  48.1;  sceocca  166.26;  -sceofen  170.2; 
sceoldest  592.24;  sceole  594.10;  sceolon  264.34;  -sceop  106. 11 ;  bisceop 
290.3  ;  -sceoren  488.9  ;  sceorian  72.9  ;  -sceoten  506.7. 

5.  The  result  of  contraction  in  the  preterits  of  certain 
REDUPLICATING  VERBS  :—feol  316.29  ( feoll  316.34) ;  feollon  244.16; 
-heold  560.1;  heoldon  378.26;  weolc  448.17;  -weold  402.27;  vveollon 
472.30. 

THE  DIPHTHONG  So. 

1.  WG.  eu,  WS.  So:—-deodan  14.8;  -beor  484.1;  -beorscipe  74.16; 
breost  84.16;  -breoSfan  268.11;  -ceocod  (?)  216.16;  ceosan  24.20; 
anccleow*  466.25;  creopan  486.29;  deep  514.18;  deopnys  110.33  ;  deor 
360.18;  deorcynn  14.14;  dreong6o.i5;  eow  (dat.)  (Kluge)  330.5  ;  eow 
(ace.)  (Kluge)  16.33;  eower  416.5;- fleogan  380.17;  fleoh  78.33  ;  Reod 
142.9;  greet  74.24;  heofian  180.15;  heofigan  86.33;  heofung  342.14; 
hleo^Trian  38.7;  hreofla  120.14;  hreoflia  122.29;  hreoflig  26.11;  hreoh 
182.33;  hreosan  380.28;  -hreosan  72.2  ;  hreow6.i6;  hreowsung  68.17  ; 
leod  70.6;  leof  28.20;  leogan  16.20;  leoht  18.22;  leoma  108.18;  -leosan 
112. 2;  neod  42.6;  -neosian  44.1;  reocan  336.33;  -reonian  388.5; 
-reonung  380.7  ;  -reow  232.30;  sceotan  170.1 ;  -seoc  26.13  ;  steor  186.20; 
-streon  60.23;  teona  (CosijN,  §  loi)  48.15;  ?eod  6.21;  ?eof  72.19; 
3^eosterfull  68.4 ;  3^eostru  36.19;  -3reote22.4;  ^^eotan  374.9. 

2.  Due  to  the  influence  of  a  preceding  palatal  upon  d:— 
geomerian  142.17;  -50600570.14;  -sceop  276.2;  sceopon  478.9. 

3.  Due  to  the  influence  of  a  following  zu  on  an  original 
WG.  ^,  z:—cneowian  578.7;  cneowu48.4;  eowd  244.6;  eowod  30.15; 
feower  16.5 ;  treow  18.3;  treowa  102.22;  3"eowa  38.26;  ^feowian 
74.1;  S^eowraoe  446.17. 

4.  Due  to  the  influence  of  a  following  tv  on  WS.  e,  the 
z-umlaut  of  WG.  d: — fleow^  102.30;  speowS^  526.16. 

5.  The  contraction  of  f  or  f  -f  a  or  if : — beet  568.22  ;  -beotlice 
380.29;  deofol4.i5;  freolice  228.2 ;  freols  76.26. 

6.  The  contraction  of  i  or  i  -{-  o  or  u  : — beo  374.20 ;  beon  266.6 ; 
beo3^  342.35;  eode  (Cosijn,  §  38.2)  400.26;  feond  56.5;  freond  56.6; 
heo  24.26;  seo  24.33 ;  -3^eon  100.31;  3^eos  276.12;  Jreo  24.9;  3'reora 
42.34;  -wreon  278.14;  -wreoSr  580.27. 

7.  The  contraction  of  e  -i-  o  or  u  ; — seo  (acc.  sing.)  516.23  ;  geseo 
386.29;  geseon  72.14;  -teontig  92.20;  teo^a  10.21;  teo3^ian  178.30; 
twee  106.30;  untweolice  360.25  ;  betweonan  30.28;  tweonian  72.30. 

8.  The  contraction  of  eo-\-  a  following  vowel  : — feor3'a  4.31 ; 


♦Either  by  gradation  from  Germ,  aa,  or  from  analogy  of  endow,  etc.     Thus,  '  Phil.  Soc. 
Eng.  Diet.,'  s.  V.  ankle. 


22  FRANK  FISCHER. 

feor^lincg    268.1;  feos  (gen.)  452.23  (f^o,  dat.,  316.25);  fleon  377.17; 
-teo  22.11 ;  -teon  82.22. 

9.  The  representative  of  WG.  au  : eovvian  74.13. 

10.  Lengthened  from  ^o  with  ecthlipsis  of  a  following^, 
THE  eo  being  derived  from  t,  WG.  i : — weofod  54.19. 

11.  Lengthened  owing  to  analogy: — freoh  76.13  (after  the 
analogy  of  the  contract  form/reo). 

13.  The  result  of  contraction  in  the  preterits  of  certain 
reduplicating  verbs  : — beoton  424.32  ;  -bleow  12.29 ;  -cneow  314.14  ; 
-cneowon  438.8;  fleow  86.11;  heowon  112.33;  hweos  86.7;  -weep 
604.27;  -weope  402.5. 

14.  After  the  analogy  of  the  preterits  of  the  reduplicat- 
ing verbs  : speonon  410.33  ;  weox  356.33;  weoxon  186.31. 

15.  After  the  analogy  of  the  present  tense  : hreow  66.21. 

16.  After  the  analogy    of  such  verbs  as    beodati : — sceofan 

590.33- 

17.  Foreign: — leo  102.5;  preost  2.1, 


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